Herbal Lore
ECHINACEA
Echinacea, you might know it as Purple Coneflower, was an herb favored by the Eclectic school of herbalists and was intimately associated with them. In the 1850's, the "Eclectics" were involved in the the greatest herbal medicine movement this country has known to date, except perhaps, for the current herbal movement we are experiencing today! Eclectic herbal medicine integrated Native American herbs, and the Western scientific knowledge of the day. During those early days, the Eclectics were on the verge of a phenomenal discovery. They independently evolved a system of health and medicine that was astonishingly similar to the medical systems in China and India. Echinacea was the sacred healing herb of the Plains Indians. The Plains Indians, a tribe called the Lakotas, used the flower and aerial parts of the plant. The Eclectics popularized the use of Echinacea root as an anti-inflammatory remedy. If it had not been for the discovery of such drugs like sulfur and penicillin, perhaps echinacea would have been the primary choice for the treatment of many acute infections today.
More and more, educated consumers are employing echinacea as a first choice for some acute illnesses. Despite the fading of the Eclectic movement in the 1930's, Echinacea has survived as nature's immune enhancer. It helps to stimulate the body's own immune mechanism and is effective against both bacterial and viral attacks. Echinacea works with the immune system to help prevent minor ailments such as colds and flus.
Echinacea can be used in the form of a salve for hard to heal wounds and sores, inflammatory skin diseases, such as eczema, minor burns, and cold sores. Echinacea is available as a tincture or extract which can be used to prevent colds, flus, infections, psoriasis, and to support long term treatments after antibiotics.
Using Echinacea orally is safe and well documented. However, there is some confusion around how to take echinacea. Echinacea works by stimulating our own immune systems. It is most effective when taken frequently for short periods of time. After about ten days of daily Echinacea administration, the immune system is less responsive to Echinacea's call for fortification. It is best at this time, to take a five day rest from using Echinacea before starting another ten day course. In his book, Echinacea: Nature's Immune Enhancer, Steven Foster is quoted as making following recommendations for dosage: "An accepted way to take Echinacea, at the onset of cold or flu symptoms, is small frequent doses every 2-3 hours, for the first 2-3 days."
Echinacea should be avoided with auto-immune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus and Chron's disease. It is always wise to consult a qualified health care practitioner.
High grade quality, Echinacea tinctures are sold in health food stores and co-ops. They help to enhance your body's resistance to infection but should be taken when indicated and as a general rule are most effective with conscious health habits. It is also important during these times to slow down, take stock of dietary habits and rest. So before a cold hits, ask yourself, Is your life in balance?
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Foster, Steven Echinacea: Nature's Immune Enhancer. Healing Arts Press,Rochester, Vermont: 1991
Hoffman, David. The New Holistic Herbal. Element, Rockport, MA: 1992
Murray, Michael. The Healing Power of Herbs. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA: 1992
Tierra, Michael. The Way of Herbs. Pocket Books, NY: 1990
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MARSHMALLOW ROOT - ALTHEA OFFICINALIS
This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine bringing you an herbal update every Wed. morning at 7:30 on WERU. March 15 is the Ides of March and today's herb was used during ancient Roman times Althea Officinalis, or marshmallow root. Any herb whose Latin name ends in Officinalis means that it was part of the official Roman Apothecary. There is nothing NEW AGE about herbalism. It is one of the oldest aural traditions of our times.
The Marshmallow root comes from a family called Malvaceae. This family has almost 1,000 species which grow from the tropics to the Arctic. The family name, Malvaceae, comes from the Greek word, "malake" which means soft as all of these plants soothe and heal. All species, in varying degrees, are emollient, or soothing to the skin, and demulcent, or soothing to mucous membranes.
The fresh young leaves and whole seed pods, known as "cheeses" are edible. In countries where crop failures bring famine, the mallows are an important subsistence food.
Marshmallow root is high in starch and in mucilage content. Mucilage is a sweet, gel-like substance which draws water to it, so that the addition of water to marshmallow root forms a viscous fluid. This property is essential to the plant's usage, as the mucilage forms a protective layer over the mucous membranes and skin, effectively soothing irritation and relieving inflammation.
The soothing, healing attributes of Marshmallow root have made it useful in treating inflammation and ulceration of the stomach and small intestine. Its soothing properties extend to the urinary and respiratory systems. Because of its expectorant action, Marshmallow root has been used to loosen and ease, tight, harsh coughs.
This herb is soothing to mucous membranes anywhere in the body. The pulverized Marshmallow root can be applied externally as a warm poultice to draw and heal wounds. It has been used externally for varicose veins, abscesses and boil.
I like to encourage people to use Marshmallow root these days, in place of Slippery Elm Bark which is being sadly over harvested and decreasing in numbers. The Earth like us needs the same holistic considerations. As you reflect today on this alternative, ask yourself is your life in balance?
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Adele Dawson. Herbs: Partners in Life: A Guide to Cooking, Gardening, and Healing with Wild and Cultivated Plants. Healing Arts Press, Rochester, VT: 1991
David Hoffman. The New Holistic Herbal. Element, Rockport, MA: 1992
Richard Mabey. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, NY: 1988
Anne McIntyre. The Complete Woman's Herbal: A Manual of Healing Herbs and Nutrition for Personal Well-being and Family Care. Henry Holt Co, NY: 1994
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ELDER FLOWERS and BERRIES - SAMBUCUS NIGRA
Good Morning! This Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist, for a healthier Maine. You know herbalism continues to have a long life. Many people have used herbs to stay healthy, treat diseases, provide nourishment and beauty in their lives.
Years ago life was simple. Today, we have a more complex world, more technology and more information. We are living in a time called the INFORMATION AGE. I hope when you hear these herbal updates, they spark an interest in you to investigate more about the herbs. I hope in the 5 minutes we're together, you feel you are receiving useful information that encourages you to learn more. If you would like to hear about a certain herb and its uses, or want to share with me your favorite herb story, write to me at WERU.
Continuing on with herbs for hay fever and allergy, the focus of today's herbal update is ELDER. While many parts of this shrubby tree have medicinal value, today I'll focus on the elder flowers and elderberries.
The wild black elderberries are high in calcium and vitamin A. They are also a rich source of potassium and iron. Elder trees grow in abundance throughout the Eastern portion of our country and have been naturalized to the West Coast. In rural Wales, whenever a new home was built, an elder shrub was planted next to it, ensuring the new residents, future succulent berries. The elderberries form great umbrella-like clusters of berries, called umbells, which make them easy to harvest. Traditional New England cooks know how tasty elderberries are in jams, jellies, sauces, pies and don't forget homemade elderberry cordials and wines which can be as medicinal as they are delicious!
The creamy white elder flower appears in late Spring and early summer growing into flat umbells on large spreading branches. The oval leaves are sharp and pointed and serrated on the edges. Astrologically, the common elder is under the dominion of Venus. It's beauty is breath taking when the tiny flowers burst forth. Those tiny flowers are mighty indeed. Prepared as a tea or an extract, they are a powerful anticatarral.
An anticatarral is any herb that helps the body rid itself of excess mucous caused by inflammation of the mucous membranes. This build up usually refers to mucous in the upper respiratory system, mainly the nose, sinuses, and throat. Ordinarily, mucous is not a problem in fact, it is an essential body secretion. But when there is infection or chronic irritation, mucous can become thick as the body tries to rid itself of some organism.
Taken as a tea, Elder flowers are perfect for hay fever, asthma, sinusitis, colds and influenza. Elderberries have similar medicinal properties and are useful in rheumatism as well. Elder flower tea can also be useful, when that upper respiratory inflammation extends to the ears causing dulled hearing.
Combining elder flowers with anise hyssop and peppermint, makes a pleasant tasting tea enjoyed safely by any age group. Although, children might be partial to a glycerin based tincture made from elder flowers. Glycerin has a sweet, thick syrup-like taste that children rarely resist.
The elder leaves, best collected in the early summer, can be used externally for bruises, sprains, and wounds. The leaves' emollient properties are brewed into an ointment or salve, and have been reportedly used on tumors, externally. Elder leaves also have expectorant properties, and team up nicely with the flowers to rid the lungs of excess mucous. It is easy to see why, David Hoffman, a widely respected English herbalist calls "the Elder Tree a veritable medicine chest."
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Culpepper's Color Herbal, Sterling Publishing Co, Inc., NY: 1983
Gibbons, Euell. Stalking the Healthful Herbs. David McKay Co., Inc., NY: 1973
Hoffman, David. An Herbal Guide To Stress Relief. Healing Arts Press, Rochester, VT: 1991
Hoffman, David. The Herbal Handbook: A User's Guide to Medicinal Herbalism. Healing Arts Press, Rochester, VT: 1988
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GOLDEN ROD - SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine. Well, it's April 26 and in a few days it will be May. As the old saying goes, April showers bring May flowers and for some of us as the landscape blooms so do our noses and sinuses. Some simple preparations before the height of pollen season have often helped me. I cut down on mucous producing foods, such as citrus, yeasted breads, and dairy products. I make sure I'm getting plenty of vitamin C. And I drink some spring tonic teas, like burdock root and dandelion root, to wash away that winter staleness and to strengthen and enliven my body's vitality. Then I enjoy the beauty that Spring and Summer bring to the Earth.
For some of us, the pollen season lasts right through August. Why, most people just look at today's herb and start sneezing! Golden Rod. What most folks don't realize, is that golden rod can actually be used to quiet that sneeze and cough. That's right, Golden rod may actually be used for sore throats, flus, hay fevers, and asthma. Let's take a closer look, at this late summer bloomer.
Golden rod is an elegant perennial, it can grow over three feet high with small, numerous, mustard yellow flowers. The medium green leaves are long, smooth and slender. There are close to a 1000 varieties of golden rod across the country and they can all be used safely. One of my favorites, is a species called SOLIDAGO ODORA. It makes a delicious anise flavored tea.
I want to share with you each one of Golden rod's uses today. Golden rod has the following properties: expectorant, anti inflammatory, diuretic, anticatarral, carminative, and a mild sedative.
An herb that helps the body rid the lungs of excess mucous can be called an expectorant. In some herb books, the term can be used loosely, to mean a tonic for the lungs, however, today, I am referring to its more literal meaning, promoting or facilitating the expulsion of phlegm from the respiratory tract.
Golden rod also acts as a mild sedative or relaxant. An herbal sedative has a calming effect, reducing stress and easing tension throughout the body. Through these two actions, golden rod actually soothes air passages and loosens mucous secretions allowing them to be expelled.
Golden rod's anti inflammatory properties make it an excellent herb for long term chronic irritations like hay fevers and asthmas. Herbs that help the body combat inflammations are called anti-inflammatories.
Last week we talked about anticatarrals, those are herbs that reduce inflammation in the mucous membranes and help the body rid itself of excess mucous. It is easy to see why golden rod would be such a valuable plant, for upper respiratory disturbances. Golden rod can be used as a gargle for sore throats and laryngitis. It may be used in combination with other herbs such as elder flower and yarrow for the treatment of colds and flus.
Golden rod also has diuretic properties. Remember that herbalism is an ancient tradition, and once again, the literal meaning of diuretic may not always apply. In the strictest sense, a diuretic is a remedy that increases the secretion and elimination of urine. Herbally, a diuretic can mean, an herb that has a beneficial effect on the urinary system. Golden rod has both properties and can actually have an antiseptic effect in cystitis or urethritis.
Golden rod is useful for flatulence and indigestion. It's carminative property provides this usefulness. Herbs that are carminatives are rich in volatile oils and and stimulate proper digestion. By soothing the intestinal wall, it aids in the removal of excess gas formation. When combined with two other carminatives, chamomile and peppermint, golden rod enhances smooth digestion.
Nicholas Culpepper, a 17th century herbalist, was very accurate when he characterized golden rod as an herb that is "long famous against inward hurts and bruises." That brings us to the end of our herbal update.
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Bremness, Lesley. Herbs. Dorling Kindersley, NY: 1994
Culpepper, Nicholas. Culpepper's Color Herbal, Sterling Publishing Co. Inc., NY: 1983.
Hoffman, David. The New Holistic Herbal. Element Books, MA: 1990
Hoffman, David. The Herbal Handbook. Healing Arts Press, VT: 1988
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MARIGOLD - CALENDULA OFFICINALIS
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine. We are fast approaching the longest day. Yes, I know it's only the end of May, but somehow when Memorial Day is upon us I know the summer solstice in not far behind and the earth's journey feels very palpable.
Today's herb, Calendula officinalis commonly known as Marigold has always been associated with another journey. The Victorians actually marked time with the opening and closing of the beautiful calendula petals as the sun journeyed across the sky. The genus was named Calendula because it flowered all around the calender year.
Folklore tells us that Calendula signifies Grief because, daily the flower mourns the departure of the sun when its bright yellow petals are forced to close. But other legends say, that Calendula, picked at noon when the sun is the strongest and the hottest will strengthen and comfort the heart. Wearing calendula can enhance psychic powers and prophetic dreams. It is no wonder, that Calendula has a reputation of keeping things moving.
Calendula is best known for its antiseptic properties. It stimulates the immune system and aids the body in ridding itself of infections, from flus to herpes.
Calendula's volatile oils, stimulate the circulation and cause sweating when there is fever. Because of this stimulating action, calendula may cause skin eruptions to blossom faster. Therefore, Calendula is often used with such childhood diseases as measles and rashes. Applying calendula tincture or tea, to chicken pox, stops itching and soothes the eruptions.
One of my most memorable experiences with calendula was with my dentist. I brought a bottle of calendula tea to my appointment. I had always known that calendula was a favorite for those with gum disease; because of its astringent and antibacterial properties. My dentist, who is very open to alternative practices and considers himself a wholistic practitioner was more than willing to participate in the experiment. He first did a scraping of my mouth and together we watched all the micro-organisms swimming around on the slide. Then I rinsed my mouth with the calendula tea and again he repeated the scraping of my mouth. The slide was almost empty. With just a few swishes of calendula tea the microbacteria in my mouth had been obliterated. I often recommend calendula and sage tea to folks with chronic gum conditions.
Calendula is actually specific for skin problems. It is a powerful antifungal and gentle emollient which makes it the perfect herb for diaper rash. It rapidly promotes wound healing for ulcers, burns, bruises, injuries varicose veins and bleeding hemorrhoids. In any of these conditions, calendula can be applied as a poultice, salve or oil.
Calendula's wound healing properties are as effective when it comes to gastritis or peptic ulcers. Its astringent action stops diarrhea and checks bleeding mucous membranes. Calendula enhances liver function and thus helps the body to cleanse itself of toxins.
The female reproductive system responds to calendula's estrogenic effects. Taken internally, calendula helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieving menstrual cramping. Calendula is a great herbal ally to menopausal women as it reduces breast and uterine congestion, and stops excessive bleeding. Because of its estrogenic effects , it should not be taken internally during pregnancy. Calendula may, however, be used during childbirth to promote contractions and the delivery of the placenta.
The deep brilliant color of the calendula blossoms have made it a useful dye. Cheese was originally dyed yellow with this flower. Today, it still brings radiance to soups and teas.
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Mcintrye, Anne. The Complete Woman's Herbal. Henry Holt Co. NY: 1994
Pickles, Sheila. The Language of Flowers. Harmony Books. NY: 1989
Tierra, Lesley. The Herbs of Life. Crossing Press. Freedom, CA: 1992
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YARROW (ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM)
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine. There are so many herbs with so many uses sometimes it is hard for me to decide which herb to share with you on these herbal updates. When I find myself having difficulty deciding, I go back to the folklore. Those rich legends that have survived the ages. Folklore is usually a magical blend of truth and romance and in that blend is a medicinal use that is still current today.
Myths and legends of today's herb date back to the time of Homer and the IIiad. The famous Greek warrior, Achilles, is said to have cured his soldiers' wounds with the herb that would become his name sake--Yarrow or ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM.
Another tale about yarrow and Achilles, was that his mother who know he would become a great warrior one day, attempted to make him invulnerable to wounds. So she dipped the infant Achilles in a bath of yarrow. During the yarrow bath, she held him by his heel. This was the only area not drenched with yarrow and so became his vulnerabilty. It was a wound made by Paris' arrow to Achilles' heel that would lead to his demise. And thus today we have the phrase, Achilles heel, to highlight one's weak spot.
The truth in the legend is that indeed, a strong infusion of yarrow tea can be used to cleanse open wounds, stop bleeding and prevent infection. Yarrow's astringent property contracts mucous membranes and blood vessels and is useful in preventing hemorrhages. High in silica, yarrow promotes tissue repair. It actively enhances the healing of cuts, burns, ulcers and inflammatory skin conditions.
Yarrow is a delicate flower growing on roadsides as high as 20 inches. Its lacey leaves are shaped like a feather, a feature that enhances its delicate appeal. The tiny florettes crown the plant in a flat cluster and bloom from June to September in shades of yellow, pink and white.
For making herbal teas, extracts and oils, yarrow should be gathered while it is in bloom. Both the flowers and the feathery leaves can be used medicinally. Remember not to harvest roadside plants.
Taken as a tea, yarrow's bitter principle enhances the digestion and absorption and stimulates appetite. Inflamed conditions such as gastritis, enteritis and diarrhea respond well to yarrow's anti-inflammatory properties. Any bleeding that may accompany these conditions is curbed by yarrow's astringent action. Lemon balm and peppermint combine well with yarrow to provide a more palatable taste. Add a little elder flower to this brew and you have an excellent tea for reducing fevers and ridding the body of upper respiratory infections such as colds, flus and sore throats.
Because yarrow promotes sweating is helps clear the body of excess heat and toxins. While not a tonic herb, yarrow does have an effect on toning the cardiovascular system. Yarrow dilates vessels and therefore reduces blood pressure, improves varicose veins, hemorrhoids, phlebitis, and thrombosis.
Urinary tract infections, irritable bladder and cystitis are aided by yarrow's diuretic action. By increasing the elimination of fluid and toxins through the urinary system, yarrow is useful in clearing gravel or urinary stones.
Folklore says washing the head with yarrow tea and massaging the head with a salve rich in yarrow's oils will curb thinning hair and check falling hair. Chewing on yarrow leaves is said to quell a toothache, while a yarrow bath can ease rheumatic aches.
Herbalist Susun Weed, in her book, The Menopausal Years, highlights yarrow as an herbal ally. Yarrow contain sterols that promote the creation of progesterone. This property can help to regulate the menstrual cycle. Yarrow can reduce uterine congestion and prevent flooding which can occur during menopause. One herbalist offers the observation that yarrow is excellent for tough, independent women who don't talk about their problems. Yarrow should be avoided during pregnancy.
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Dawson, Adele G. Herbs: Partners in Life. Healing Arts Press, VT: 1991
de Bairacli Levy, Juliette. Common Herbs for Natural Health. Schocken Books, NY :1974 (out of print but worth hunting for in old book stores)
Gibbons, Euell. Stalking Healthful Herbs. David McKay Co. Inc., NY: 1973
McIntyre, Anne. The Herbal for Mother and Child. Element Books, Rockport, MA: 1992
McIntyre, Anne. The Complete Woman's Herbal. Henry Holt Books, NY: 1994
Weed, Susun. The Menopausal Years. Ash Tree Publishing, NY: 1992.
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CHICKWEED (STELLARIA MEDIA)
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine! Steven Foster, a well known herbalist, wrote a book in 1993 called HERBAL RENAISSANCE. This title aptly describes our current times. We are indeed experiencing an herbal renaissance. The use of herbs and the growing interest in herbalism is truly a revival. The letters I receive from the general public and the people in my herbal classes really inspire me. It warms my heart to see how actively involved people are these days in their own preventative health care and how many people have chosen to use herbs as part of their nutrition plan.
Simple herbs, like Chickweed, the subject of today's herbal update are coming back into use. Stellaria media, or chickweed is found the world over. Even though chickweed helps the soil retain nitrogen, to many gardeners and farmers it may be considered a pesky weed. But this common little plant is well worth close examination.
Chickweed grows close to the ground. When it reaches any height at all, it is usually growing in a thick patch and supported by itself. The tender, succulent, egg shaped leaves grow in opposite pairs along the stem. The leaves are tiny measuring, about 1/2 by 1/4 inch. The tiny, star-shaped white flowers have five petals and are found at the top of the uppermost leaves. Chickweed is a plant that sleeps at night and on cloudy days. Its delicate little flowers gently close as the sun sets and its paired leaves nestle into the stem.
The presence of chickweed in a garden is an indication of mineral rich, fertile soil. That rich fertile soil fortifies chickweed with easily assimilable vitamins and minerals. High in Vitamin A,C, B complex, iron and calcium, chickweed could be a welcome summertime replacement for vitamin pills.
Chickweed's commonest use is that of potherb. An herb used in everyday cooking. Even its common name was derived from this edible quality. Young chickens and small birds have long thrived on the leaves and seeds. Steamed or boiled chickweed's bland, mild taste blends well with watercress, shepherd's purse, wild mustard, or peppergrass. Or chickweed can be chopped and tossed in a salad with your favorite greens.
Traditionally, chickweed was used as a weight reduction remedy. It is not well documented if chickweed just curbed the eater's appetite because of its shear bulk or if its mild diuretic property aided in permenant water weight reduction. Because of chickweed's high steroidal saponin content, it may have a role in decreasing fat. Saponins are soap-like constituents that emulsify and increase permeability of all cell membranes. Chickweed may emulsify fat and by increasing transport across cell membranes which may encourage the release of metabolic wastes. There is also some evidence that chickweed balances metabolism through its regulatory effect on the thyroid gland. Chickweed can also act as a laxative. All of these properties in combination could effect weight reduction.
I'd like to focus on chickweed's demulcent property. Remember a demulcent soothes mucous membranes and reduces inflammation and irritation. Mucous membranes line the respiratory, urinary, and digestive systems. Herbs that are demulcent are high in mucilage, which is soothing and protective to mucous membranes. Other demulcent herbs are comfrey, marshmallow, corn silk, slippery elm and mullein. Chickweed relieves sore throats and dry harsh coughs while aiding expectoration of mucous. It soothes gastric acidity and duodenal ulcers.
By cooling fevers, chickweed assists in inflammatory conditions such as blood toxicity and rheumatism. This cooling property makes chickweed a favorite for menopausal women by cooling hot flashes.
Chickweed's reputation as an external soother of itching has long been validated. Some herbalists have referred to it as an "herbal cortisone", because when made into an oil, slave or cream it soothes cracked, dry, and harshly inflammed skin. Fresh poultices of chickweed alleviates mosquito and black fly bites. Dry scaly conditions, such as dandruff, seboria, and eczema respond well to fresh chickweed juice applied directly to the skin.
Fresh chickweed can be boiled, and applied externally to abscesses and carbuncles. Their inflammation can be reduced and toxins are allowed to drain.
There has never been a reported case of toxicity when chickweed has been used externally. In the past, temporary human paralysis has been reported when very large amounts of infusion have been ingested. However, there is no recent evidence to support any chickweed toxicity.
Julliette D'Baircli Levy, a well known and respected herbal sage says of chickweed: "This small herb, often classed as a troublesome weed, is one of the supreme healers of the herbal kingdom and has given me wonderful results". Take it from a wise witch, chickweed is at least worth trying!
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Dawson, Adele. Herbs: Partners in Life. Healing Arts Press, VT: 1991
Gibbons, Euell. Stalking the Healthful Herbs. David McKay Company, NY: 1973
Green, James. The Male Herbal. The Crossing Press, CA: 1991
Tierra, Lesley. The Herbs of Life. The Crossing Press, CA: 1992
Weed, Susun. Wise Woman Herbal: Healing Wise. Ash Tree Publishing, Woodstock, NY: 1989
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MULLEIN (VERBASCUM THAPSUS)
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine! Whenever I see the stately MULLEIN, the topic of today's herbal update I have this uncontrollable urge to kneel in front of the plant and give thanks. There is a regal, saintly, and holy quality to this old sage. I often think if I sat by mullein long enough, perhaps I'd know the wisdom of the ages long past.
Mullein, VERBASCUM THAPSUS, flourishes all over the world. Resilient and tenacious, Mullein can be found in open fields, hillsides, along freeways and growing through the asphalt in shopping malls. Mullein is one of those Earth protective plants that seems to grow in the most disturbed places. As though, by its very presence it is soothing and calming the disrupted environment.
Mullein is a biennial, flowering only in the second year. The first year, the large flannel-like leaves form a rosette on the ground. The leaves are soft and wooly and are covered with tiny hairs. The unbranched stem appears in the second year and can grow as tall as 8 feet. Sometimes at the very top of the central branch, small branches can occur. These branches are covered with tiny yellow flowers. The golden yellow flowers have five petals and are deeply nestled in the thick wooly branch. Often fragrant, these yellow flowers are a favorite of bees and other insects.
Mullein completely gives of itself, as all parts of the plant may be used. Let's turn our attention to those velvety leaves. Soft and supple, the mullein leaves were used by the Native Americans to line their moccasins for warmth and cushioning. Dried mullein leaf is a frequent ingredient in herbal smoking preparations. Because of its tonic effect on the lungs, smoked or taken as a tea mullein is excellent for coughs and colds. Its expectorant action helps to clear mucous, while the leave's demulcent property soothe and pacify irritated mucous membranes. Mullein is especially useful for protracted coughs accompanied by blood in the mucous. Research confirms mullein's anti-tuberculor activity. The leaves also contain tannins which make it an effective astringent for diarrhea.
Because of the tiny hairs that cover the leaves, it is wise to double strain the tea before drinking as those hairs may cause throat irritation.
The tiny golden flowers have a sedative property and act as a relaxing nervine. Made as a tea or extract, the mullein flowers assure restful sleep without narcotic side effects.
Collecting the dainty flowers is a labor of love, as they are highly prized by many insects. But the job is well worth it, especially when the flowers are made into an oil for outer ear infections. Mullein flower oil is powerful in relieving ear pain and excellent for healing the infection. That mullein oil can also soothe and calm the inflammation and itchiness that accompanies hemorrhoidal pain.
Although I have not personally used the mullein root, a tea made from the root is said to be effective for toothaches. The root also has diuretic properties. A poultice made from the root can be applied to warts.
Folklore tells us that the singular branch of mullein was used by witches as a candlewick dipped in oil to light their paths on the way to covens. Hence the common name for mullein, Hag's Taper. This tradition has returned. In New Age shops today, one can find candle torches made from the sacred mullein stalk.
A little mullein under your pillow can safeguard against nightmares while a dried bunch of mullein hung over a doorway protects a home against evil spirits. Mullein worn around the neck of a hiker protects from wild animals and a small amount of mullein carried in your pocket attracts love from the opposite sex.
No matter how you choose to use mullein, know that this sacred and noble plant carries with it the wisdom of infinite generations and healing gifts for you and the Earth.
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Bremness, Lesley. HERBS. Dorling Kindersley, NY: 1994
Cunningham, Scott. Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs. Llewellyn Publications, St. Paul, MN 1991
Grieve, Mrs. M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, NY: 1971
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MOTHERWORT - LEONURUS CARDIACA
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine! "Everyone ought to have a little Mother around the house" says Susun Weed about Motherwort, the topic of today's herbal update. Susun Weed highlights Motherwort as an herbal ally for women during menopause. While Motherwort's use is not limited to menopause, I want to spend a little time today discussing some of its indications during this very special time in every woman's life.
Menopause is a time of great power and creativity for women. It is a sacred period when women can begin to nurture and mother themselves. So often in this culture, it is not looked upon as a favorable time, but more and more women are breaking free of the old sterotypes and embracing menopause as a time for rebirth, conviction and once again incorporating nature's sacred cycles into their lives. Through ceremony, prayer and education, women are beginning to welcome the role of wise woman. The sage who holds the blood within.
One of my favorite uses of Motherwort is for hot flashes. How about a little change of consciousness here? I like to call those flashes, power surges. Motherwort helps to regulate those surges, by tonifying the thyroid, blood vessels, liver, heart and uterus. Motherwort invigorates the body's circulation and increases oxygen to the blood. This effect can help reduce the faint feeling that may accompany surges.
Motherwort has long been known as a relaxing nervine. It soothes, supports and strengthens the nervous system with a special ease. Any time we face a transition in our lives, we are bound to feel a certain amount of anxiety. Motherwort is ideal for those scary times, and gently encourages us on our journey.
Sometimes those power surges, can disrupt restful sleep. Once again, motherwort can calm and lull a sleep state, not only though its calming properties but also because of its high calcium content.
Motherwort also contain minerals and trace elements essential to a balanced system. Leonurus cardiaca is motherwort's Latin name which translates into "lion hearted." And indeed, motherwort has positive effects on the cardiovascular system. It has been reported to tonify the heart and blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and ease stress related palpitations. Taken as an infusion, motherwort has reduced arteriosclerosis, dissolved blood clots, eased angina and heart neuralgia. Motherwort has also reduced blood cholesterol levels when taken regularly.
It is well known that after the reduction of estrogen and a certain age, women tend to be more susceptible to heart disease. I often wonder why more studies aren't conducted on these time honored herbs like Motherwort and Hawthorne berry, in the prevention of heart disease.
Motherwort can be used throughout a woman's life. As a mild diuretic, motherwort is useful for PMS which may also contribute to its ability to lift spirits and ease depression. Historically, motherwort has been used for neurotic conditions, hysteria, convulsions and insomnia. Some authors suggest that motherwort's common name is derived from its traditional use for soothing the stress and tensions during childbirth and motherhood.
Motherwort contains an alkaloid, stachydrine which hastens childbirth. Therefore, motherwort is contraindicated during pregnancy. However, it is the ideal herb to take in preparation for childbirth. Taken during the last few weeks of pregnancy, motherwort encourages more coordinated contractions of the uterus for greater ease and efficient delivery. Motherwort also has a reputation for preventing miscarriages and ameliorating false labor pains. It is wise to consult a mid-wife or other qualified health care practitioner for use during these times.
Motherwort is also useful for painful, delayed or suppressed periods. It strengthens and tones the uterus while bringing blood to the uterus to enhance elasticity and thicken vaginal walls.
It is best to harvest motherwort when it is in full bloom. Chinese studies have shown that its active components are at highest concentrations when motherwort is in full flower. The aerial parts of the fresh or dried herb can be used. Don't you wish you had a little mother in your garden?
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Foster, Stephen. Herbal Renaissance. Gibb-Smith Publisher, Salt Lake City, UT:1993
McIntyre, Anne. The Complete Woman's Herbal. Henry Holt Co., NY: 1994
Tierra, Michael. The Way of Herbs. Pequin Books, NY: 1990
Weed, Susun. The Menopausal Years. Ash Tree Publishing, Woodstock, NY: 1992
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CATNIP (NEPETA CATARIA) LABIATAE
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine! "If you sow it, cats won't know it if you set it cats will get it." That's a bit of old folk wisdom about the subject of today's Herbal Update CATMINT OR CATNIP
Catnip is probably one of the more famous species of the more than 250 members of this genus. Ask any cat!! I learned a lot about cats and catnip from a neighborhood cat named Hitchhiker. He was named Hitchhiker because of the thumbs on his front paws. Hitchhiker loved catnip and broke all the usual rules around cats and catnip. From the very first whiff, Hitchhiker knew there was a jar of catmint in the house just for him. He knew where it was kept and as soon as he came in the door he darted for the cupboard. He displayed the entire "catnip response": sniffing, licking, chewing with head shaking and rubbing cheeks he would roll in it and eat it, always looking for more. It seems that some cats don't respond to the plant until it is bruised and that "skunky mint scent" is released. But what cat could resist, or human for that matter rolling in the fresh, velvety, blue/gray leaves.
Catnip looks like a typical mint. A characteristic square stem, with opposing leaves climbing up a 3-5ft stalk. Heart shaped leaves with rounded teeth that can grow as wide as 2-3 inches. The purple spotted white flowers form tight terminal spikes and bloom from June to late August. This hardy perennial easily adapts to any habitat. Enjoying both sunny dry gardens or deeply shaded rich loam. Catnip develops a strong fragrance when grown in sandy soil and full sun.
The flowering tops are the most desirable part of the plant for medicinal purposes but the leaves can also be gathered and used either fresh or dry. It is best to dry the leaves quickly, on a well ventilated screen, to guard against mold formation.
Fresh catnip infusions have been used for stomachaches, colic, and sleeplessness. It's mild sedative and nervine properties make it ideal for restless children fighting sleep.
Catmint is an invaluable herb for hot respiratory conditions; it effectively brings down a fevers and acts as a decongestant. Taken frequently, at the first signs of a cold or flu, it soothes and calms the respiratory and nervous systems. Sinusitis and excess catarrhal are reduced when the steam of a hot catnip infusion is inhaled.
The strong volatile oils act as an antiseptic and disinfectant for asthma and croup. It is a wonderful, mild remedy for both children and babies, easing the spasms of colic and the stomach pains from one too many cookies. Herbalists have often recommended the use of catnip during childhood diseases such as measles and chickenpox.
Catnip's relaxing effect on the digestive system is suitable for adults too! Its anti-spasmodic properties ease flatulence,dyspepsia, stomach upsets and spastic colons. Diarrhea can also be calmed by catnip's astringent properties. Stress related gastrointestinal problems respond well to catnip teas or tinctures. Historically, in the United States catnip infusion enemas were administered for inflammatory bowel conditions, bowel infections, constipation and diarrhea.
Catnip's relaxing properties can also be felt in the uterus. PMS and painful periods are eased and soothed by the volatile oils contained in catnip. Catnip can also be used on a regular basis to help regulate periods when they are delayed or suppressed.
The combination of concentrated tannins which give catnip its astringent properties and its volatile oils make catnip effective for skin problems. Tannins speed tissue repair and aid in healing burns, abrasions, hemorroids and insect bites.
And don't forget one of the most common uses for catnip, the tension headache. While your sipping a cup of catnip tea for that headache, try soaking your feet in a catnip, lavender and rose petal bath. Catnip has healed many generations and brought great joy to the best of species. Ask any cat!!!
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
Foster, Steven. Herbal Renaissance. Gibb Smith Publisher, Salt Lake City, UT: 1993
Hoffman, David. The New Holistic Herbal. Element Press, Rockport, MA: 1995
Mabey, Richard. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, NY: 1988
McIntyre, Anne. The Complete Woman's Herbal. Henry Holt Co., NY: 1994
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CORN/CORNSILK Zea mays (Gramieae)
Good Morning! This is Roseanna Rich, your local herbalist for a healthier Maine. When life gets complicated and confused, and I have difficulty making a decision about what to do or where to go, I look around at nature. Not as a passive observer but as a active participant. I try to see, see with my heart, what the sacred cycles of nature are at this particular moment. What path is nature cycling through? What old, ancient and sacred journey is nature coursing once again? And how can I incorporate these trends in my present life so that I too can experience the steady flow of nature? So often the answers are right in front of me, simple, uncomplicated and deeply meaningful.
We are lucky, here in Maine. The seasons are great prescriptions for living and freely provided by Mother Nature. Here we are again, on the verge of another transition; late summer into Fall. A time for harvest, clearing excess heat after a long, dry summer. A time to flush the circulation and prepare for the coming winter.
Thoughts of the harvest always bring to me the subject of today's Herbal Update, corn. It has been my recent consumption of this life sustaining food that has inspired this update. Every part of corn has been served as both food and medicine by the indigenous peoples of North, Central and South Americas. Corn is one of the few foods that can sustain life over a long period of time without the addition of other foods. Corn contains rich oils, high quality starches, minerals and vitamins. Mexican are thought to have such brilliantly superb teeeth and hair because they eat corn in so many ways.
While many cultures have relied on corn as food, its medicinal properties have also proven to be reliable. The Catawba Indians applied mashed fresh corn grains to treat warts. Cornmeal was used by the Cheyenne and Sioux Indians as an antispasmodic. The smoke of all corn cobs was used by the Chickasaw Indians to treat the itches and sores that followed abraisions.
The tender, inner leaves of corn are a vulnerary. A vulnerary is an herb that heals skin or wound inflammations. The wounds can be either interrnal, like a stomach ulcer or external, like a surface cut or abraision. Comfrey, calendula, and plantain are other well known vulneraries similiar to corn in their capacity to heal skin and mucous membranes. Corn leaves have been used externally to bound wounds, encourage the drainage of infections, and promote healing.
Other Native American tribes made tea from corm leaves mixed with mullein and pine needles and used it to treat colds.
While many practices and uses for corn were passed on to the European colonists from the Native American Indians, the use of cornsilk as a urinary demulcent is probably one of the most lasting. A urinary demulcent is rich in mucilage. It protects and soothes inflammed tissues of the urinary tract. Its demulcent property, combined with its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties make cornsilk the perfect herb for cystitis, infections and urinary gravel. Prostate gland irritation and inflammation have responded well to cornsilk's affinity to the genitourinary tract.
Cornsilk is gentle and especially effective with children because of its pleasant taste. Cornslk has a sweet, cooling and slightly astringent taste. It is said to be a great remedy for bedwetting.
One of the best ways to take cornsilk is to simply eat it fresh. Cornsilk's coolong property makes it the perfect food for the end of summer. Eating cornsilk is a way of releasing excess, accumulated summer heat in the body. Somehow nature always provides us with what we truly need. Be sure your cornsilk is organic as those delicate fibers can soak up unwanted chemicals. A fresh cornsilk tea, lighly sweetened with molasses makes a pleasant tasting medicinal.
Like the leaves, a poultice can be made from the silk and applied externally for drawing pus from boils, carbuncles and infected wounds.
When I harvest herbs, I always give an offering at the harvest site. Somehow leaving a bit of corn and a prayer of gratitude always makes sense to me. It is my simple effort to give back to the land all that it has given me.
ROSEANNA RECOMMENDS THESE SOURCES WRITTEN BY REPUTABLE HERBALISTS:
de Bairacli Levy, Juliette. Common Herbs for Natural Health. Schocken Books, NY:1974.
Duke, James. Handbook of Northeastern Indian Medicinal Plants. Quarterman Publications, Lincoln, MA:1986.
Holmes, Peter. The Energetics of Western Herbs. Snow Lotus Press, Boulder, CO:1994.
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BLUEBERRIES
Common Name: Blueberry
Botanical Name: Vaccinium officinalis
vCommon Uses:
· Food – delicious in so many recipes
· Anti-oxidant protection
· Bolsters immune system
· Supports healthy endocrine system - lowers blood sugar
· Atherosclerosis (may reduce platelet aggregation making the blood less sticky)
· Hemorrhoids
· Eliminates mouth and throat inflammation
· Reduces tendency to bruise (capillary fragility) not if
you are taking NSAIDs daily
· Helps with reducing varicose veins
· May improves eye conditions ie. night blindness and
diabetic retinopathy
Parts Used: fruit, leaves
Actions: Improves microcirculation; inhibits “free radicals” damage – the by-products of oxidation and
metabolism; strengthens capillaries; Tones the vascular system.
Health Benefits: Brain Health: Ongoing animal brain research shows that blueberries may improve motor skills and reverse the short-term memory loss that can accompany aging.
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WILD YAM ROOT
- A time tested herb used by people throughout the ages for balancing the reproductive system, preventing miscarriage and for problems associated with the spleen, kidneys, liver and lungs.
- An herb that contains saponins which are precursors to some hormones.
- An herb that relieves cramping.
- An anti-inflammatory.
- An herb that has been used as a source for synthesized birth control pills.
- An herb when used in its whole form has no reported toxicity.
- An herb that works well with conscious lifestyle changes.
- The type of yam you might eat for dinner.
- A natural birth control.
- A panacea for menopause, PMS, or arthritis.
- Made with organically grown or ethically wildcrafted herbs and food grade oils with no:
- Chemicals,
- Preservatives,
- Isopropyl parabens,
- Synthetics,
- Animal testing,
- Formulated to allow the body to achieve its own hormonal balance.
- A completely natural and time tested formulation using all the biochemical constituents of the wild yam root.
- Used by women throughout the country for the relief of PMS and menopausal symptoms.
- Effective and nontoxic.
There are many other wild yam derivative products on the market today. Many of these products use diosgenin(a biochemical constituent of wild yam root) to create a micronized or synthesized product by adding an enzyme to formulate progesterone. These products may be useful in some clinical cases. Be sure you are making an informed, conscious decision about the product you choose. If you have questions about Indian Meadow Herbals' Wild Yam Root Cream, call us at 888 464-3729 and we'll gladly speak with you.
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